Introduccion:
Instalar FreeBSD 10.3 RELEASE AMD64
Se instalaran algunos paquetes binarios
Requerimientos:
* Conexion a Internet
* Instalador de FreeBSD
* Leer este tutorial
El proceso:
Iniciar el equipo desde el medio de instalacion
FreeBSD Installer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome
Welcome to FreeBSD! Would you
like to begin an installation
or use the live CD?
<Install> < Shell > <Live CD>
Keymap Selection
>>> Continue with default keymap
<Select> <Cancel>
Set Hostname
freebsd.example.com
< OK >
Distribution Select
[*] doc Additional documentation
[ ] games Games (fortune, etc.)
[ ] lib32 32-bit compatibility libraries
[*] ports Ports tree
[*] src System source code
< OK >
Partitioning
Auto (UFS) Guide Disk Setup
Manual Manul Disk Setup (experts)
Shell Open a shell nd partition by hand
Auto (ZFS) Guided Root-on-ZFS
< OK >
ZFS Configuration
>>> Install Proceed with Installation
T Pool Type/Disks: stripe: 0 disks
- Rescan Devices *
- Disk Info *
N Pool Name zroot
4 Force 4K Sectors? YES
E Encrypt Disk? NO
P Partition Scheme GPT (BIOS)
S Swap Size 2g <- Este valor se puede cambiar RAM x 2 => 8g
M Mirror Swap? NO
W Encrypt Swap? NO
< Select >
ZFS Configuration
Select Virtual Device type:
stripe Stripe - No Redundancy
mirror Mirror - n-Way Mirroring
raidz1 RAID-Z1 - Single Redundant RAID
raidz2 RAID-Z2 - Double Redundant RAID
raidz3 RAID-Z3 - Triple Redundant RAID
< OK >
ZFS Configuration
[*] xyz0 VirtIO Block Device <- Esto puede cambiar, use un disco virtual
< OK >
ZFS Configuration
Last Change! Are you sure you want to destroy
the current contents of the following disks:
vtbd0
< YES >
Overall Progress:
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] 40%
Please select a password for the system management account (root):
Changing local password for root
New Password: ********
Retype New Password: ********
Network Configuration
Please select a network interface to
configure:
vtnet0 VirtIO Networking Adapter
< OK >
Network Configuration
Would you like to
configure IPv4 for this
interface?
< YES >
Network Configuration
Would you like to use
DHCP to configure this
interface?
< YES > < NO >
Network Configuration
Static Network Interface Configuration
IP Address 172.16.3.50 <- Ajuste estos parametros a su red
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Router 172.16.1.1
< OK >
Network Configuration
Would you like to
configure IPv6 for this
interface?
< YES > < NO >
Network Configuration
Would you like to try
stateless address
autoconfiguration
(SLAAC)?
< YES > < NO >
Network Configuration
Static IPv6 Network Interface Configuration
IPv6 Address fc00::3:50/7
Default Router fc00::1:1
< OK >
Network Configuration
Resolver Configuration
Search samdom.example.com
IPv6 DNS #1 2001:4860:4860::8888
IPv6 DNS #2 2001:4860:4860::8844
IPv4 DNS #1 8.8.8.8
IPv4 DNS #2 8.8.4.4
< OK >
Select local or UTC (Greenwich Mean Time) clock
Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is to local time,
or you don't know, please choose NO here!
< YES > < NO >
Time Zone Selector
Select a region
1 Africa
2 America -- North and South
3 Antarctica
4 Arctic Ocean
5 Asia
6 Atlantic Ocean
7 Australia
8 Europe
9 Indian Ocean
0 Pacific Ocean
a UTC
< OK >
Countries in America -- North and South
Select a country or region
1 Anguilla
2 Antigua and Barbuda
3 Argentina
4 Aruba
5 Bahamas
6 Barbados
7 Belize
8 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
9 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
10 Brazil
11 Canada
12 Cayman Islands
13 Chile
14 Colombia
15 Costa Rica
16 Cuba
< OK >
Confirmation
Does the abbreviation `COT' look reasonable?
< YES >
System Configuration
Choose the services you would like to be started at boot:
[ ] local_unbound Local caching validating resolve
[*] sshd Secure shell daemon
[ ] moused PS/2 mouse pointer or console
[ ] ntpd Synchronize system and network time
[ ] powerd Adjust CPU frequency dynamically if supported
[*] dumpdev Enable kernel crsh dumps to /var/crash
< OK >
Add User Accounts
Would you like to add
users to the installed
system now?
< YES >
Add Users
Username: jdoe
Full name: John Doe
Uid (Leave empty for default):
Login group [jdoe]:
Login group is jdoe. Invite jdoe into other groups? []:wheel
Shell (sh csh tcsh nologin) [sh]:
Home directory [/home/jdoe]:
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default):
Use password-based authentication? [yes]:
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]:
Use a randon password? (yes/no) [no]:
Enter password: ********
Enter password again: ********
Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
Username : jdoe
Password : ********
Full Name : John Doe
Uid : 1001
Class :
Groups : jdoe wheel
Home : /home/jdoe
Home Mode :
Shell : /bin/sh
Locked : no
OK? (yes/no) : yes
adduser: INFO : Successfully added (jdoe) to the user database.
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!
Final Configuration
Setup of your FreeBSD system is nearly complete. You can now
modify your configuration choices. After this screen, you will
have an opportunity to make more complex changes using a shell.
Exit Apply configuration and exit installer
Add User Add a user to the system
Root Password Change root password
Hostname Set system hostname
Network Networking configuration
Services Set daemons to run on startup
Time Zone Set system timezone
Handbook Install FreeBSD Handbook (requires network)
< OK >
Manual Configuration
The installation is now finished.
Before exiting the installer, would
you like to open a shell in the new
system to make any final manual
modification?
< YES > < NO >
Complete
Installation of FreeBSD
complete! Would you like
ro reboot into the
installed system now?
<Reboot> <Live CD>
Actualizar los binarios de FreeBSD
# freebsd-update fetch
# freebsd-update install
Instalar algunos paquetes binarios
# /usr/sbin/pkg
The package management tool is not yet installed on your system.
Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y
Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD:10:amd64/quarterly, please wait...
Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done
Installing pkg-1.7.2...
Extracting pkg-1.7.2: 100%
---
For more information on available commands and options see 'pkg help'.
# pkg info pkg
pkg-1.7.2
---
# pkg update
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up-to-date.
All repositories are up-to-date.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Actualización 2016/12/14 Inicio
El paquete binario de openntpd no esta disponible en este momento
En su lugar activaremos el ntp que ya tiene FreeBSD, para activarlo
# echo '# NTP' >> /etc/rc.conf
# echo 'ntpd_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
Y omitiremos la parte referente al openntpd que siguen aqui abajo!
# pkg search openntpd
openntpd-5.7p4_2,2 Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon
# pkg install openntpd
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up-to-date.
All repositories are up-to-date.
Updating database digests format: 100%
The following 3 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
openntpd: 5.7p4_2,2
libressl: 2.2.6
ca_root_nss: 3.22.2
The process will require 10 MiB more space.
3 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
Fetching openntpd-5.7p4_2,2.txz: 100% 41 KiB 42.4kB/s 00:01
Fetching libressl-2.2.6.txz: 100% 2 MiB 1.2MB/s 00:02
Fetching ca_root_nss-3.22.2.txz: 100% 324 KiB 331.5kB/s 00:01
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/3] Installing libressl-2.2.6...
[1/3] Extracting libressl-2.2.6: 100%
[2/3] Installing ca_root_nss-3.22.2...
[2/3] Extracting ca_root_nss-3.22.2: 100%
[3/3] Installing openntpd-5.7p4_2,2...
Agregamos las tres lineas al archivo rc.conf para que inicie con el sistema
# echo '# OpenNTP' >> /etc/rc.conf
# echo 'openntpd_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
# echo 'openntpd_flags="-sv"' >> /etc/rc.conf
Verificamos que se agregaron las tres lineas al archivo rc.conf
# cat /etc/rc.conf | egrep "OpenNTP|openntpd"
# OpenNTP
openntpd_enable="YES"
openntpd_flags="-sv"
Iniciamos el servico
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/openntpd start
Starting openntpd.
ntp_adjtime adjusted frequency by 0.000000ppm
Actualización 2016/12/14 Fin
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nota:
FreeBSD envia automaticamente reportes de estado al usuario root y solo los vemos si iniciamos localmente con este usuario, pero podemos hacer que estos reportes sean enviados a una cuenta en otro lugar, por ejemplo a nuestra cuenta en Gmail, para hacer esto debemos:
# edit /etc/mail/aliases
Buscamos una linea que dice
# root: me@my.domain
Y luego de esa creamos una nueva con nuestro mail
root: micorreo@gmail.com
Guardamos los cambios en el editor y ejecutamos el comando
# cd /etc/mail && make
Si root tiene un monton de correos, los podemos eliminar con
# cat /dev/null > /var/mail/root
Comandos basicos de la utilidad pkg:
Buscar un programa
# pkg search name
Instalar un programa
# pkg install name
Informacion de un programa instalado
# pkg info name
Desinstalar un programa
# pkg delete name
Actualizar todos los programas instalados
# pkg upgrade
Ejemplo de pkg:
# pkg search nvidia-driver
---
nvidia-driver-346.96 NVidia graphics card binary drivers for hardware OpenGL rendering
nvidia-driver-304-304.128 NVidia graphics card binary drivers for hardware OpenGL rendering
nvidia-driver-340-340.93 NVidia graphics card binary drivers for hardware OpenGL rendering
Como se puede ver hay varias versiones del driver de nvidia, para instalar una especificamente, la 340 en este caso
# pkg install nvidia-driver-340
Luego para verificar el paquete instalado
# pkg info nvidia-driver-340
nvidia-driver-340-340.93
---
Activar UTF-8 "Alternately, the superuser"
Ver las localizaciones disponibles
$ locale -a | grep '\.UTF-8$'
# edit /etc/login.conf
Modificar esta seccion de modo que quede asi:
default:\
:passwd_format=sha512:\
:copyright=/etc/COPYRIGHT:\
:welcome=/etc/motd:\
:setenv=MAIL=/var/mail/$,BLOCKSIZE=K,LC_COLLATE=C:\
:path=/sbin /bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /usr/games /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin ~/bin:\
:nologin=/var/run/nologin:\
:cputime=unlimited:\
:datasize=unlimited:\
:stacksize=unlimited:\
:memorylocked=64K:\
:memoryuse=unlimited:\
:filesize=unlimited:\
:coredumpsize=unlimited:\
:openfiles=unlimited:\
:maxproc=unlimited:\
:sbsize=unlimited:\
:vmemoryuse=unlimited:\
:swapuse=unlimited:\
:pseudoterminals=unlimited:\
:priority=0:\
:ignoretime@:\
:umask=022:\
:charset=UTF-8:\
:lang=en_US.UTF-8:
Aplicar los cambios
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf
Especificamos el locale en este otro lugar tambien
# edit /etc/profile
[...]
LANG=en_US.UTF-8; export LANG
CHARSET=UTF-8; export CHARSET
El cambio a UTF-8 requiere reiniciar.
Ver los logs del sistema
# cat /var/run/dmesg.boot
# cat /var/log/messages
# tail -f /var/log/auth.log
# dmesg -a
Ejemplo para desinstalar todos los pkg instalados
# pkg delete -a
